Lal Bahadur Shastri:
 | |
|---|---|
| Birthday: | October 2 , 1904 |
| Death: | |
| India's third prime minister of India | |
| Birthplace: | Mughalsarai , Uttar Pradesh |
| Prime Minister as well | Third Prime Minister |
| Assumption of office: | November 9, 1964 |
| Free service: | 11th May, 1966 (to the point of death) |
| Preceding: | Gulzari Lal Nanda |
| Successor: | Gulzari Lal Nanda |
Lal Bahadur Shastri ( 2nd October , 1904 - January 11 , 1966 ), India 's third Lok Sabha member and second permanent prime minister He was the Minister of State for the country between 1963-1965. He was born in Mughalsarai , Uttar Pradesh .
Lal Bahadur Shastri was born after Lal Bahadur Shrivastav in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh after his birth in 1904 . His father, Sharada Prasad, was a poor teacher, who later became a lipik at the Revenue Office.
After India received independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary of Uttar Pradesh state. Later he became the Prahari and Traffic Minister during the tenure of Chief Minister of Govind Vallabh Pant . During his time as a traffic minister he first appointed woman as a bus-conductor (bus-conductor) for the first time and took a new lease. After being the minister of the Prahari department, he started the experiment by using water sprinkling instead of latha to control the crowd. In the year 1951, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, he was appointed as the General Secretary of All India Congress Committee. He was born in 1952 , 1957 and 1962 In the elections, Congress worked hard to save the party with a heavy majority.
After the demise of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on his second term as Prime Minister on May 1 , 1964 , Shastri assumed the post of Prime Minister on 9th June,1964 .
https://vibrantindiannews.blogspot.com/2018/10/biography-of-gandhiji.html
Education:
His education took place at Harishchandra High School and Kashi Vidyapith . From here onwards, he received the title of "Shastri" which is associated with his name for a lifetime. His education took place at Harishchandra High School and Kashi Vidyapith.
Philosophy of life :
His father was Sharda Prasad of Mirzapur and his mother, Mrs. Ramdulari Devi's three sons. There were two sisters of Shastri too. His father died in Shastri's early days. E. Q. In 1928, she married Lalitadevi, daughter of Ganesh Prasad, and she had six children.
After finishing his graduation, he joined the Bharatiya Sevak Sangh and started his diplomatic life from here taking vow of service. Shastri was an absolutist Gandhian. They lived whole life and devoted their lives to the service of the poor. They participated in all important programs of Indian independence movement, and had to live in jails, in which the non-cooperation movement of 1921 and the Satyagraha movement of 1941 was the most prominent. Among his diplomatic directors, Shree Poritdas Tandon, Pandit Govindballabh Pant, Jawaharlal Nehru were among the main figures. After coming to Allahabad in 1929, he worked with Mr. Tandonji as secretary of the Allahabad unit of the Bharat Servak Sangh. Here he met Nehru. After that his position continued to grow. Like he joined the Home Minister's hub in Nehru's mantralaya He stayed till 1951 in this position.
Shastriji remembers faith whole India for his simplicity, patriotism and honesty. He was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1966.
Gandhi's Disciple (1921–1945):
While Shastri's family had no links to the independence movement then taking shape, among his teachers at Harish Chandra High School was an intensely patriotic and highly respected teacher named Nishkameshwar Prasad Mishra, who gave Shastri much-needed financial support by allowing him to tutor his children. Inspired by Mishra's patriotism, Shastri took a deep interest in the freedom struggle, and began to study its history and the works of several of its noted personalities, including those of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi and Annie Besant . In January 1921, when Shastri was in the 10 standard and three months from sitting the final examinations, he attended a public meeting in Benares hosted by Gandhi and Pandit Madam Mohan Malaviya . Inspired by the Mahatma's call for students to withdraw from government schools and join the non-cooperation movement, Shastri withdrew from Harish Chandra the next day and joined the local branch of the Congress Party as a volunteer, actively participating in picketing and anti-government demonstrations. He was soon arrested and jailed, but was then let off as he was still a minor. Shastri's immediate supervisor was a former Benares Hindu University. lecturer named J.B.Kripalani , who would become one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and among Gandhi's closest followers. Recognising the need for the younger volunteers to continue their educations, Kripalani and a friend, V.N. Sharma, had founded an informal school centered around "nationalist education" to educate the young activists in their nation's heritage. With the support of a wealthy philanthropist and ardent Congress nationalist, Shiv Prasad Gupta, the Kashi Vidyapith was inaugurated by Gandhi in Benares as a national institution of higher education on 10 February 1921. Among the first students of the new institution, Shastri graduated with a first-class degree in philosophy and ethics from the Vidyapith in 1925. He was given the title Shastri("scholar"). The title was a bachelor's degree awarded by the Vidyapith, but it stuck as part of his name.
Shastri enrolled himself as a life member of the Servants of the People Society. (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai , and began to work for the betterment of the Harijans under Gandhi's direction at Muzaffarpur. Later he became the President of the Society.
Independence activism:
In 1928 shastri become an active and mature member of congress at the call of gandhiji. Shastri participated in the Salt Satyagraha in 1930. He was imprisoned for two and a half years. Later, he worked as the Organizing Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of U.P. in 1937. In 1940, he was sent to prison for one year, for offering individual Satyagraha support to the independence movement.
On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Mumbai, demanding that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in prison, travelled to Allahabad. For a week, he sent instructions to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru's home, Anand Bhavan. A few days later, he was arrested and imprisoned until 1946.Shastri spent almost nine years in jail in total.During his stay in prison, he spent time reading books and became familiar with the works of western philosophers, revolutionaries and social reformers.
Political career (1947–64):
State minister:-
Following India's independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in his home state, Uttar Pradesh. He became the Minister of Police and Transport under Govind Ballabh pant's Chief Ministership on 15 August 1947 following Rafi Ahmed Kidwai's departure to become minister at centre. As the Transport Minister, he was the first to appoint women conductors. As the minister in charge of the Police Department, he ordered that police use water jets, whose instructions was given by him, instead of lathis to disperse unruly crowds. His tenure as police minister (As Home Minister was called prior to 1950) saw successful curbing of communal riots in 1947, mass migration and resettlement of refugees.
Cabinet minister:-
In 1951, Shastri was made the General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister. He was directly responsible for the selection of candidates and the direction of publicity and electioneering activities. His cabinet consisted of the finest business men of India including Ratilal Premchand Mehta. He played an important role in the landslide successes of the Congress Party in the Indian General Elections of 1952, 1957 and 1962. In 1952, he successfully contested UP Vidhansabha from Soraon North cum Phulpur West seat and won getting over 69% of vote. He was believed to be retained as home minister of UP, but in a surprise move was called to Centre as minister by Nehru. Shastri was made Minister of Railways in First Cabinet of Republic of India on 13 May 1952.
Prime minister of India (1964–66):
Jawaharlal Nehru died in office on 27 May 1964 and left a void. Then Congress Party chief Minister K. Kamaraj was instrumental in making Shastri Prime Minister on 9 June. Shastri, though mild-mannered and soft-spoken, was a Nehruvian socialist and thus held appeal to those wishing to prevent the ascent of conservative right-winger Morarji Desai.
In his first broadcast as Prime Minister, on 11 June 1964, Shastri stated:
Domestic policies:
Shastri retained many members of Nehru's Council of Ministers. T. T. Krishnamachari was retained as the Finance Minister of India, as was Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan. He appointed Swaran Singh to succeed him as External Affairs Minister. He also appointed Indira Gandhi, daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and former Congress President, as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Gulzarilal Nanda continued as the Minister of Home Affairs.
Lal Bahadur Shastri's tenure witnessed the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The government of India had for a long time made an effort to establish Hindi as the sole national language of India. This was resisted by the non-Hindi speaking states particularly Madras State. To calm the situation, Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation.
Death:
Shastri died in Tashkent, at 02:00 on the day after signing the Tashkent Declaration, reportedly due to a heart attack, but people allege conspiracy behind the death. He was the first Prime Minister of India to die overseas. He was eulogized as a national hero and the Vijay Ghat memorial established in his memory. Upon his death, Gulzarilal Nanda once again assumed the role of Acting Prime Minister until the Congress Parliamentary Party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai to officially succeed Shastri.
0 comments:
Post a Comment