Choice of sentence structure

Writing style:

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       In literature, writing style is the manner of expressing thought in language characteristic of an individual, period, school, or nation. Thus, style is a term that may refer, at one and the same time, to both conventions that go beyond the individual writer and to singular aspects of individual writing. Beyond the essential elements of  spelling, grammer, and puncuation , writing style is the choice of  words,sentence structure, and  paragraph structure, used to convey the meaning effectively. The former are referred to as rules, elements, essentials, mechanics, or handbook; the latter are referred to as style, or rhetoric. The rules are about whata writer does; style is about how the writer does it. While following the rules drawn from established English usage, a writer has great flexibility in how to express a concept. The point of good writing style is to

• express the message to the reader simply, clearly, and convincingly;
• keep the reader attentive, engaged, and interested;

not to

• display the writer’s personality
• demonstrate the writer’s skills, knowledge, or abilities;

although these are usually evident and are what experts consider the writer’s individual style.

Choice of words:

      Diction, or the choice of words, is obviously a central element in every writer’s style. Although good diction is partly a matter of trial and error, of tinkering with sentences until they sound right, it is also a matter of following certain general preferences that careful readers and writers tend to share.

Some methods for using diction effectively in writing:

• Use a dictionary and thesaurus
• Seek a middle level of diction
• Call things by their names
• Avoid redundancy and circumlocution
• Avoid clichés
• Avoid jargon
• Avoid obsolete, archaic, or invented words
• Avoid slang, regional expressions, and nonstandard English
• Avoid qualifiers
• Avoid fancy words
• Use words in their established senses
• Avoid offensive or sexist language
• Say no more than you mean
• Be as concrete as your meaning allows
• Use logical terms precisely
• Put statements in positive form
• Make metaphors vivid and appropriate
• Prefer vivid nouns and active verbs to adjectives and adverbs

Choice of sentence structure :

         Sooner or later, a writer will have the essential elements of formal sentence correctness under control and will want to find the best ways of making sentences convey meaning effectively: how to phrase statements definitely, place coordinate thoughts in coordinate structures,  subordinate to sharpen the relation between main assertions and modifying elements, eliminate unnecessary words, vary sentence structure, maintain consistency of tone , and smooth the general flow of words. Seemingly minor improvements—the moving of a  clause from one position to another, a shift from the passive to the active voice , even a slight change in rhythm—can make the difference between drab sentences and pointed ones.

Some methods for writing effective sentences:

• Avoid irrelevancy
• Make real assertions
• Rely on the active voice
• Coordinate to show that ideas belong together
• Repeat words, phrases, and clauses for emphasis
• Make series consistent and climactic
• Subordinate to show which is the main statement
• Subordinate to avoid monotony
• Subordinate to break up lengthy compound sentences
• Choose an appropriate means of subordination
• Place subordinate elements where they will convey the exact meaning
• Subordinate in one direction per sentence
• Be concise but do not omit necessary words
• Break the monopoly of declarative sentences
• Vary the order and complexity of sentence elements
• Vary the length of the sentences.
• Be consistent
• Avoid distracting repetitions of sound
• Listen for sentence rhythm
• Use parallel construction
• Keep related words together

Choice of paragraph structure:

        The most important unit of meaning in every literary work is the paragraph. Although each sentence conveys a thought, a literary work is not just a sequence of, say, eighty thoughts; it is rather a development of one central thesis through certain steps. Those steps are paragraphs. Within an effective paragraph the sentences support and extend one another in various ways, making a single, usually complex, unfolding idea.

Apart from outright incoherence, choppiness, or long- windedness , perhaps the most common flaw in paragraph construction is rigidity of presentation. Having something to say, the writer merely says it—and goes on to do just the same in the following paragraph. As a result, the reader feels, not like a participant in the writer’s thought, but like someone receiving instructions or being shown a rapid succession of images.

Some methods for writing effective paragraphs:

• Pursue one main idea
• Place the main idea emphatically
• Choose a suitable pattern of development
• Link sentences within each paragraph
• Link each paragraph to the next
• Vary the length of the paragraphs
• Move between generality and detail
• Keep things moving
• Write in paragraph blocks
• Make the first paragraph count
• End with a strong paragraph

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Environment status of india

Environment

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Natural Environment - A view of the Nubra valley in Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir

Man-made environment - A view of human habitation in the area of Kolodoro

Environmental pollution - emissions of smoke by factories

 The word " environment" ( English : Environment ) is composed of two words. The "cover" which is around us is the "cover" that surrounds us. Environment is the collective unit of all physical, chemical and biological factors that affect any biological or ecological population and decides their form, life and life.

In general, it is a unit created from the set of all biological and inorganic elements, facts, processes and events affecting our lives. This is rampant around us and every event of our life is edited inside it and we humans also influence this environment with all our actions. Thus there is also interdependence relationship between an organism and its environment.

In the biological components of the environment, from micro- organisms to insects, all creatures and plants are present, along with all the biological activities and processes associated with them. Inorganic components, the life-element and its associated processes come, such as: rocks , mountains, rivers, air and climate elements etc.

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Introduction : 

     Generally the environment is defined in the context of human beings and humans are declared a different unit and all other things occupied around it are declared its environment. But here it is also important that there are many human civilizations on this earth, who do not consider themselves separate from the environment and in their eyes all  nature  is the same entity. Whose man is also a part. Virtually humans who are different from the environment are technologically advanced and are able to make significant changes in their natural conditions due to widespread use of science and technology .

     On the basis of human intervention, the environment is divided into two blocks - natural or natural environment and man-made environment .  However, there is nowhere to be a completely natural environment (where human intervention has not happened at all) or a full-fledged man-made environment (in which everything is man-made). This division is merely an indicator of the abundance and scarcity of human interference in natural processes and conditions. Ecology and environmental geography using natural environment write Habitat is also the (habitat).

     With the technical objective of human life and achieving the objectives of luxury in life, extensive manipulative activities with nature have destroyed the balance of the natural environment , causing distress on the existence of natural order or system. These types of problems are called environmental degradation.

Environmental problems such as pollution , climate change, etc. are encouraging humans to reconsider their lifestyle and now discuss environmental protection and environmental management .  ^{How much} human is capable of reducing the loss due to scientific and technological changes made by him, how much attention is being given to the environment in the confrontation of economic and political interests and how much humanity is aware of its environment; Today's vivid questions are there. 

Nomination :

      The word environment is made up of Sanskrit language's 'affair' (surrounded) and 'cover', which means a set of things that are enclosed by a person or organism around it. In ecology and geography, this word is used as the synonym of the English environment .

      The English word environment itself was used much later in the meaning of the above ecology and it was used in the early period for the common conditions surrounding. It is derived from the French language where it was used in the meaning of "state of being environed" (see environ + -ment) and its first known use was used by Carlyle to express the meaning of the German word Umgebung in French . 

Knowledge of the environment :

     Today the environment is a necessary question rather a vivid issue, but today people have no awareness about it. Except rural society, even in cosmopolitan life it is not particularly keen. As a result, environmental protection has become a mere government agenda. While it is a question of very close relationship with the whole society. Unless there is a natural attachment between people, environmental protection will remain a distant dream.

     The direct connection to the environment is from nature. In our environment, we find all kinds of animals, plants and other living things. They all make the environment together. Different branches of science like physics, chemistry and biology, Etc. The fundamental principles of the subject and the related experimental subjects are studied. But today's requirement is to emphasize the practical knowledge related to the environment as well as the practical knowledge related to it. Modern society should be given the education of problems related to the environment at a broader level. Also, information about preventive measures to deal with it is also necessary. In today's mechanical era we are going through such a situation. Pollution is standing in front of us to destroy the entire environment in the form of a curse. The entire world is going through a serious challenge. Although we have a lack of environment related textile but there is no shortage of reference material. In fact, there is a need to make the knowledge available to the environment relevant to the environment so that the public can easily understand the problem. It is necessary for the society to realize its duty and obligation in such a heinous situation. this Environmental awareness can be created in the type society. Actually, both living and non-living entities form together the nature. Air, water and land come in non-living areas, whereas living creatures are formed in conjunction with animals and plants. An important relationship between these components is that they depend on their life-sustaining relationships. Although the human being is the most conscious and sensitive person in the biosphere, however, it relies on other animals, plants, air, water and land to meet their needs. The organisms found in the environment of human beings form the structure of plants, air, water and land. Water and land come in non-living areas, whereas living creatures are formed in conjunction with animals and plants. An important relationship between these components is that they depend on their life-sustaining relationships. Although the human being is the most conscious and sensitive person in the biosphere, however, it relies on other animals, plants, air, water and land to meet their needs. The organisms found in the environment of human beings form the structure of plants, air, water and land. Water and land come in non-living areas, whereas living creatures are formed in conjunction with animals and plants. An important relationship between these components is that they depend on their life-sustaining relationships. Although the human being is the most conscious and sensitive person in the biosphere, however, it relies on other animals, plants, air, water and land to meet their needs. The organisms found in the environment of human beings form the structure of plants, air, water and land.

       Knowledge of education through education is a powerful tool for the multifaceted development of human life. Its main objective is to bring physical, mental, social, cultural and spiritual wisdom and maturity within the individual. Knowledge of the natural environment is very important to fulfill the objectives of education. The tradition of knowledge about the natural environment has been from the beginning in Indian culture. But in today's materialistic era the circumstances are going to be different. On the one hand, there are new inventions in different areas of science and technology. On the other hand, the human environment is also affected by the same speed. It is necessary for the next generation to be aware of the changes happening in the environment through education. By acquiring knowledge of the interconnections of environment and education, one can do many important functions in this direction. Environment is deeply related to science, But there is no scientific intricacies in her education. The learners should be taught nature and ecological knowledge in simple and simple language. Initially, this knowledge should only be in the introductory form in a superficial manner. Further technical aspects should be considered. Knowledge of environment in the field of education is essential for human security.

Environment and Ecology :

       Environment is a unit in its entirety in which the inorganic and biological constituents are interconnected and interconnected by various interactions between themselves. Its characteristic gives it a form of ecosystem , because ecosystem or ecosystem is an interconnected set of all organic and inorganic elements in any area of ​​the Earth. So the environment is also a ecosystem. 

The largest ecosystem biosphere is considered by the scale on Earth . The biosphere is the part of the Earth in which the organisms are found and it is occupied in the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere. The entire terrestrial environment has also been composed of these units, so in these sense the global environment, biosphere and terrestrial ecosystems are synonymous with each other.

It is believed that the current composition of the Earth's atmosphere and the current amount of oxygen in it is not only the reason of life on earth but also the result. Photosynthesis, which is a biological (or ecological or biospheric) process, has been an important process affecting the formation of Earth's atmosphere. Thus the ideology attached to devise a unit earth rendered  or perceive as living earth (living earth).

Similarly, the study of the effect of observation on humans and the effects of human impact on humans is the key study point of human ecology and human geography . 

Environmental problems :

* See also: Pollution and Climate Change

      Most environmental problems are associated with environmental degradation and the increase in human population and the consumption of resources by humans. All environmental changes that occur in the environment under environmental degradation are undesirable  and threaten life and sustainability in a particular region or throughout the earth. Hence , under this, pollution , climate change , erosion of biodiversity and other natural disasters are included. Along with environmental degradation, the increase in exponential rates in population and the changing patterns of human consumption are the root causes of almost all environmental problems.

Resource mitigation :

     Resource mitigation means tapping natural resources by humans so fast for their economic benefits that their natural processes do not get replenishment. In the current perspective, the impact of population pressure, rapid growth rates and consumption pattern of people for processing degradation is also considered to be responsible. Resources are divided into two classes - Renewable resources and non-renewable resources . Apart from this, some resources are available in sufficient quantities that they can not decay, they are called renewable resources such as solar energy .

Rapid exploitation of non-renewable resources can lead to difficult situations for human life by eliminating their reserves. The construction of the reserves of coal, petroleum, or precious minerals is a long-term phenomenon, and the speed at which humans are exploiting them will end one day. On the other hand, some renewable resources are also being used by humans so fast that their natural processes are not as fast as possible to recharge, and thus they will also be in the category of non-renewable resources.

Pollution :

     Pollution or environmental pollution is the entry of any substance (solid, liquid or gas) or energy (heat, sound, radioactivity, etc.) in the environment if its speed is so sharp that its deflection, depletion, dissociation, recycling by normal and natural processes Or can not be protected in harmless form. Thus there are two clear indications of pollution, entering the environment of any substance or energy and harmful or unwanted to its natural environment. This kind of unwanted element is called pollutant or pollutant.

Environmental pollution - emissions of smoke by factories

     Pollution is classified based on the type of pollutant, source or part of ecosystem that it enters. For example air pollution , water pollution , soil pollution, etc., are determined on this basis that in this part of the ecosystem the admission of the pollutant is entered. On the other hand, radioactive pollution, light pollution, noise or noise pollution etc. are classified based on the type of pollutant itself.

=== Climate change === In our lives, we have seen a lot of changes. Water is one of the changes in the water due to the change in air. The weather changes on the earth, we have a lot of benefit from the weather. Can not be grown and neither can man be able to spend life in one season All the jivas stripe needs the weather. We also have the benefit of climate change, because the loss is also

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Biography of Lal Bahadur shastri

Lal Bahadur Shastri:

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Lal Bahadur Shastri

Birthday:	October 2 , 1904
Death:
India's third prime minister of India
Birthplace:	Mughalsarai , Uttar Pradesh
Prime Minister as well	Third Prime Minister
Assumption of office:	November 9, 1964
Free service:	11th May, 1966 (to the point of death)
Preceding:	Gulzari Lal Nanda
Successor:	Gulzari Lal Nanda

    Lal Bahadur Shastri ( 2nd October , 1904 - January 11 , 1966 ), India 's third Lok Sabha member and second permanent prime minister He was the Minister of State for the country between 1963-1965. He was born in Mughalsarai , Uttar Pradesh .

Lal Bahadur Shastri was born after Lal Bahadur Shrivastav in Mughalsarai, Uttar Pradesh after his birth in 1904 . His father, Sharada Prasad, was a poor teacher, who later became a lipik at the Revenue Office.

    After India received independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary of Uttar Pradesh state. Later he became the Prahari and Traffic Minister during the tenure of Chief Minister of Govind Vallabh Pant . During his time as a traffic minister he first appointed woman as a bus-conductor (bus-conductor) for the first time and took a new lease. After being the minister of the Prahari department, he started the experiment by using water sprinkling instead of latha to control the crowd. In the year 1951, under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, he was appointed as the General Secretary of All India Congress Committee. He was born in 1952 , 1957 and 1962 In the elections, Congress worked hard to save the party with a heavy majority.

 After the demise of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru on his second term as Prime Minister on May 1 , 1964 , Shastri assumed the post of Prime Minister on 9th June,1964 .

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Education: 

        His education took place at Harishchandra High School and Kashi Vidyapith . From here onwards, he received the title of "Shastri" which is associated with his name for a lifetime. His education took place at Harishchandra High School and Kashi Vidyapith.

Philosophy of life :

His father was Sharda Prasad of Mirzapur and his mother, Mrs. Ramdulari Devi's three sons. There were two sisters of Shastri too. His father died in Shastri's early days. E. Q. In 1928, she married Lalitadevi, daughter of Ganesh Prasad, and she had six children.

After finishing his graduation, he joined the Bharatiya Sevak Sangh and started his diplomatic life from here taking vow of service. Shastri was an absolutist Gandhian. They lived whole life and devoted their lives to the service of the poor. They participated in all important programs of Indian independence movement, and had to live in jails, in which the non-cooperation movement of 1921 and the Satyagraha movement of 1941 was the most prominent. Among his diplomatic directors, Shree Poritdas Tandon, Pandit Govindballabh Pant, Jawaharlal Nehru were among the main figures. After coming to Allahabad in 1929, he worked with Mr. Tandonji as secretary of the Allahabad unit of the Bharat Servak ​​Sangh. Here he met Nehru. After that his position continued to grow. Like he joined the Home Minister's hub in Nehru's mantralaya He stayed till 1951 in this position.

Shastriji remembers faith whole India for his simplicity, patriotism and honesty. He was honored with the Bharat Ratna in 1966.

Gandhi's Disciple (1921–1945):

   While Shastri's family had no links to the independence movement then taking shape, among his teachers at Harish Chandra High School was an intensely patriotic and highly respected teacher named Nishkameshwar Prasad Mishra, who gave Shastri much-needed financial support by allowing him to tutor his children. Inspired by Mishra's patriotism, Shastri took a deep interest in the freedom struggle, and began to study its history and the works of several of its noted personalities, including those of Swami Vivekananda, Gandhi and Annie Besant . In January 1921, when Shastri was in the 10 standard and three months from sitting the final examinations, he attended a public meeting in Benares hosted by Gandhi and Pandit Madam Mohan Malaviya . Inspired by the Mahatma's call for students to withdraw from government schools and join the non-cooperation movement, Shastri withdrew from Harish Chandra the next day and joined the local branch of the Congress Party as a volunteer, actively participating in picketing and anti-government demonstrations. He was soon arrested and jailed, but was then let off as he was still a minor. Shastri's immediate supervisor was a former Benares Hindu University. lecturer named J.B.Kripalani , who would become one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and among Gandhi's closest followers. Recognising the need for the younger volunteers to continue their educations, Kripalani and a friend, V.N. Sharma, had founded an informal school centered around "nationalist education" to educate the young activists in their nation's heritage. With the support of a wealthy philanthropist and ardent Congress nationalist, Shiv Prasad Gupta, the  Kashi Vidyapith was inaugurated by Gandhi in Benares as a national institution of higher education on 10 February 1921. Among the first students of the new institution, Shastri graduated with a first-class degree in philosophy and ethics from the Vidyapith in 1925. He was given the title  Shastri("scholar"). The title was a bachelor's degree awarded by the Vidyapith, but it stuck as part of his name.

       Shastri enrolled himself as a life member of the Servants of the People Society. (Lok Sevak Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai , and began to work for the betterment of the  Harijans under Gandhi's direction at  Muzaffarpur. Later he became the President of the Society.

Independence activism:

         In 1928 shastri become an active and mature member of congress at the call of gandhiji. Shastri participated in the Salt Satyagraha in 1930. He was imprisoned for two and a half years. Later, he worked as the Organizing Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of U.P. in 1937. In 1940, he was sent to prison for one year, for offering individual Satyagraha support to the independence movement.

       On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Mumbai, demanding that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in prison, travelled to Allahabad. For a week, he sent instructions to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru's home, Anand Bhavan. A few days later, he was arrested and imprisoned until 1946.Shastri spent almost nine years in jail in total.During his stay in prison, he spent time reading books and became familiar with the works of western philosophers, revolutionaries and social reformers.

Political career (1947–64):

State minister:-

Following India's independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in his home state, Uttar Pradesh. He became the Minister of Police and Transport under Govind Ballabh pant's Chief Ministership on 15 August 1947 following Rafi Ahmed Kidwai's departure to become minister at centre. As the Transport Minister, he was the first to appoint women conductors. As the minister in charge of the Police Department, he ordered that police use water jets, whose instructions was given by him, instead of  lathis to disperse unruly crowds. His tenure as police minister (As Home Minister was called prior to 1950) saw successful curbing of communal riots in 1947, mass migration and resettlement of refugees.

Cabinet minister:-

       In 1951, Shastri was made the General Secretary of the All-India Congress Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Prime Minister. He was directly responsible for the selection of candidates and the direction of publicity and electioneering activities. His cabinet consisted of the finest business men of India including Ratilal Premchand Mehta. He played an important role in the landslide successes of the Congress Party in the Indian General Elections of 1952, 1957 and 1962. In 1952, he successfully contested UP Vidhansabha from Soraon North cum Phulpur West seat and won getting over 69% of vote. He was believed to be retained as home minister of UP, but in a surprise move was called to Centre as minister by Nehru. Shastri was made Minister of Railways in First Cabinet of Republic of India on 13 May 1952.

Prime minister of India (1964–66):

Jawaharlal Nehru died in office on 27 May 1964 and left a void. Then Congress Party chief Minister K. Kamaraj was instrumental in making Shastri Prime Minister on 9 June. Shastri, though mild-mannered and soft-spoken, was a Nehruvian socialist and thus held appeal to those wishing to prevent the ascent of conservative right-winger Morarji Desai.

In his first broadcast as Prime Minister, on 11 June 1964, Shastri stated:

There comes a time in the life of every nation when it stands at the cross-roads of history and must choose which way to go. But for us there need be no difficulty or hesitation, no looking to right or left. Our way is straight and clear—the building up of a secular mixed-economy democracy at home with freedom and prosperity, and the maintenance of world peace and friendship with select nations.

Domestic policies:

     Shastri retained many members of Nehru's Council of Ministers. T. T. Krishnamachari was retained as the Finance Minister of India, as was Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan. He appointed Swaran Singh to succeed him as External Affairs Minister. He also appointed Indira Gandhi, daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru and former Congress President, as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Gulzarilal Nanda continued as the Minister of Home Affairs.

Lal Bahadur Shastri's tenure witnessed the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The government of India had for a long time made an effort to establish Hindi as the sole national language of India. This was resisted by the non-Hindi speaking states particularly Madras State. To calm the situation, Shastri gave assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation.

Death:

Prime Minister Narendra Modi pays tribute to the bust of Shastri in Tashkent

Shastri's statue in Mumbai

      Shastri died in Tashkent, at 02:00 on the day after signing the Tashkent Declaration, reportedly due to a heart attack, but people allege conspiracy behind the death. He was the first Prime Minister of India to die overseas. He was eulogized as a national hero and the Vijay Ghat memorial established in his memory. Upon his death, Gulzarilal Nanda once again assumed the role of Acting Prime Minister until the Congress Parliamentary Party elected Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai to officially succeed Shastri.

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